Acyl-Lipid Metabolism
Cellular Function Cellular Activity Candidates
(click on a cellular activity below to see the candidate genes) Number of genes Number of ESTs
Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Plastids F1. Plastidial Homomeric Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) (EC 6.4.1.2) 1 0
F2a. a-Carboxyltransferase of Heteromeric ACCase 1 19
F2b. b-Carboxyltransferase of Heteromeric ACCase (plastid encoded) 1 0
F2c. Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein of Heteromeric ACCase 2 68
F2d. Biotin Carboxylase of Heteromeric ACCase 1 21
F3. Plastidial Malonyl-CoA : ACP Malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.39) 1 3
F4a. Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase I (KAS I) (EC 2.3.1.41) 1 39
F4b. KAS II (EC 2.3.1.41) 1 2
F4c. KAS III (EC 2.3.1.41) 1 6
F5.  Plastidial Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) 5 35
F6.  Plastidial Hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydrase (EC 4.2.1.*) 2 7
F7.  Plastidial Enoyl-ACP Reductase (EC 1.3.1.9) 1 11
F8.  Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase (EC 1.14.19.2) 7 43
F9. Plastidial Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) 5 42
F10a. Acyl-ACP Thioesterase FatA  (EC 3.1.2.14) 2 5
F10b. Acyl-ACP Thioesterase FatB  (EC 3.1.2.*) 1 35
F11a. Plastidial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1a of Pyruvate DH Complex (EC 1.2.4.1)  2 46
F11b. Plastidial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1b of Pyruvate DH Complex (EC 1.2.4.1) 2 36
F11c. Plastidial Dihydrolipoamide Acetyltransferase of PDH Complex (EC 2.3.1.12) 4 33
F11d. Plastidial Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase of PDH Complex (EC 1.8.1.4) 2 20
F12. Plastidial Lipoate Synthase 1 1
F13. Plastidial Lipoyltransferase 1 0
F14. Plastidial Holo-ACP Synthase (EC 2.7.8.7) 1 1
F15. Acyl-ACP Synthetase (EC 6.2.1.20) 1 1
Synthesis of Membrane Lipids in Plastids P1. Plastidial Dihydroxyacetone-Phosphate Reductase (EC 1.1.1.8) 1 10
P2. Plastidial Glycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (GPAT) (EC 2.3.1.15) 1 2
P3. Plastidial 1-Acylglycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (LPAAT) (EC 2.3.1.51) 1 7
P4. Plastidial CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthetase (EC 2.7.7.41) 3 4
P5. Plastidial Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) 1 3
P6. Plastidial Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.27) no candidate
P7. Phosphatidylglycerol Desaturase (palmitate specific) (FAD4) (EC 1.14.99.*) no candidate
P8. Plastidial Oleate Desaturase (FAD6) (EC 1.14.99.*) 1 9
P9. Plastidial Linoleate Desaturase (FAD7/FAD8) (EC 1.14.99.*) 2 18
P10. Plastidial Phosphatidate Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) 1 3
P11. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) Synthase (EC 2.4.1.46) 3 5
P12. MGDG Desaturase (palmitate-specific, FAD5)  (EC 1.14.99.*)  1 6
P13. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) Synthase (EC 2.4.1.184) 2 8
P14. UDP-Sulfoquinovose Synthase 1 5
P15. Sulfolipid Synthase 1 4
P16. Plastidial 1-Acylglycerophosphorylcholine Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) see E3
P17. Permease-like Protein of Outer Chloroplast Envelope (TGD1) 1 4
Synthesis of Membrane Lipids in Endomembrane System E1. ER Dihydroxyacetone-Phosphate Reductase (EC 1.1.1.8) 3 10
E2. ER Glycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (GPAT) (EC 2.3.1.15) 5 20
E3. ER 1-Acylglycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (LPAAT) (EC 2.3.1.51) 8 8
E4. ER Phosphatidate Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4)   1 2
E5.  ER Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) 1 11
E6. ER Oleate Desaturase (FAD2) (EC 1.14.99.*) 1 131
E7. ER Linoleate Desaturase (FAD3) (EC 1.14.99.*) 1 31
E8. ER CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthetase (EC 2.7.7.41) 2 9
E9. ER Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) 1 7
E10. ER Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.27) no candidate
E11. Phosphatidylinositol Synthase (EC 2.7.8.11) 2 6
E12. Phosphatidylserine Synthase (EC 2.7.8.8) no candidate
E13a. Choline Kinase (EC 2.7.1.32) 4 13
E13b. Ethanolamine Kinase (EC 2.7.1.82) 1 0
E14a. CDP-Choline Synthetase (EC 2.7.7.15) 2 8
E14b. CDP-Ethanolamine Synthetase (EC 2.7.7.14) 1 4
E15. ER Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.65)  2 10
E16. Phospholipid Base-Exchange 1 1
E17a. LCB1 subunit of Serine Palmitoyltransferase  (EC 2.3.1.50) 1 3
E17b. LCB2 subunit of Serine Palmitoyltransferase  (EC 2.3.1.50) 2 10
E18. Ketosphinganine Reductase (EC 1.1.1.102 ) 2 18
E19. Ceramide Synthase (AcylCoA : Sphingobase Acyltransferase) (EC 2.3.1.24) 3 9
E20. Ceramide Synthase (Acyl-CoA-independent) / Ceramidase 1 6
E21. Ceramide Sphingobase C4-Hydroxylase 2 5
E22. Ceramide Sphingobase Δ8 Desaturase  (EC 1.14.99.*) 2 36
E23. Glucosylceramide Synthase (UDP-glucose-dependent) 1 1
E24. Ceramide Fatty Acyl Amide α-Hydroxylase  2 13
E25. ER 1-Acylglycerophosphorylcholine Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) see E3
E26. ER 2-Acylglycerophosphorylcholine Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.62) see E3
E27. ER 2-Acylglycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.52) see E3
E28. Phosphoethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.103) 3 25
E29. Ceramide Sphingobase D4 Desaturase (EC 1.14.99.*) 1 0
E30. Glucosylceramide Synthase (Sterol Glucoside-dependent) no candidate
X1. Acyl-Ceramide Synthase 2 6
Metabolism of Acyl-Lipids in Mitochondria M1. Mitochondrial Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (EC 2.3.1.41) 1 0
M2. Mitochondrial  Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) 1 0
M3. Mitochondrial Hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydrase (EC 4.2.1.17) no candidate
M4. Mitochondrial Enoyl-ACP Reductase (EC 1.3.1.9) no candidate
M5. Mitochondrial Lipoate Synthase 1 18
M6. Mitochondrial Lipoyltransferase 2 0
M7. Mitochondrial Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Synthase 1 3
M8. Mitochondrial Phosphatidylglycerol-Phosphate Phosphatase no candidate
M9. Cardiolipin Synthase (EC 2.7.8*) no candidate
M10a. α-Ketoacid Decarboxylase E1a of BC Ketoacid DH Complex (EC 1.2.4.4)  2 11
M10b. α-Ketoacid Decarboxylase E1b of BC Ketoacid DH Complex (EC 1.2.4.4)  2 8
M10c. Dihydrolipoamide Transacylase of Branched Chain Ketoacid DH Complex 1 23
M10d. Mitoch. Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase of BCKDH Complex (EC 1.8.1.4) 2 15
M11. Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.10) 1 2
M12a. Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), biotinylated subunit 1 4
M12b. Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), non-biotinylated subunit  1 8
M13. Mitochondrial Enoyl-CoA Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) 2 1
M14. Mitochondrial Glycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (GPAT) (EC 2.3.1.15) 3 11
M15. Mitochondrial 1-Acylglycerol-Phosphate Acyltransferase (LPAAT) (EC 2.3.1.51) see P3 and M14
M16. Mitochondrial Phosphatidate Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) 1 0
M17. Mitochondrial Acyl Carrier Protein 3 12
M18. Malonyl-CoA Synthase no candidate
M19. Mitochondrial Malonyl-CoA : ACP Malonyltransferase no candidate
M20. Malonyl-[ACP] Synthase no candidate
M21. Mitochondrial CDP-Diacylgycerol Synthetase (EC 2.7.7.41) see P4
M22. Mitochondrial 1-Acylglycerophosphorylcholine Acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) see E3 and M14
M23. Mitochondrial Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.65) 1 0
M24. Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) 1 3
X2. Mitochondrial Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) 1 4
Synthesis and Storage of Oil O1. Acyl-CoA : Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DAGAT) (EC 2.3.1.20) 2 7
O2. Oil-body Oleosin 8 132
O3. Caleosin 7 42
O4. Phospholipid : Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (PDAT) (EC 2.3.1.158) 3 9
O5. Diacylglycerol Transacylase no candidate
O6. Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase (MAGAT) (EC 2.3.1.22) see O1
Degradation of Storage Lipids and Straight Fatty Acids D1. Triacylglycerol Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) 4 9
D2. Monoacylglycerol Lipase (EC 3.1.1.23) 13 32
D3. Acyl-CoA Oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6) 6 61
D4. Peroxisomal Enoyl-CoA Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) 2 6
D5. Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35) 1 10
D6. Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16) 3 65
D7a. Peroxisomal Enoyl-CoA Hydratase of Multifunctional Protein (EC 4.2.1.17) 2 21
D7b. Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase of Multifunctional Protein (EC 1.1.135)
D7c. Enoyl-CoA Isomerase of Multifunctional Protein (EC 5.1.2.3)
D7d. Hydroxyacyl-CoA Epimerase of Multifunctional Protein (EC 5.3.3.8)
D8. Dienoyl-CoA Reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) 1 4
D9. Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4) 3 3
D10. Fatty Acid ω-Alcohol Oxidase (EC 1.1.3.20) 4 6
D11. Peroxisomal Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 2 7
D12. Peroxisomal Fatty Acid / Acyl-CoA Transporter 1 8
X3. Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2-3) 1 5
Lipid Signaling S1. Diacylglycerol Kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) 7 30
S2. Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) 1 2
S3a. Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase a (EC 2.7.1.67) 2 6
S3b. Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase b (EC 2.7.1.67) 2 0
S3c. Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase g (EC 2.7.1.67) 8 52
S4a. Phosphatidylinositol-Phosphate Kinase type IA (EC 2.7.1.68, 2.7.1.*) 2 0
S4b. Phosphatidylinositol-Phosphate Kinase type IB (EC 2.7.1.68, 2.7.1.*) 9 13
S4c. Phosphatidylinositol-Phosphate Kinase type III (EC 2.7.1.68, 2.7.1.*) 4 38
S5. Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C (PI-PLC) (EC 3.1.4.11) 9 24
S6. Non specific Phospholipase C 6 11
S7. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific Phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) 3 21
S8a. Phospholipase D a (PLD a) (EC 3.1.4.4) 4 35
S8b. Phospholipase D b (PLD b) (EC 3.1.4.4) 2 4
S8c. Phospholipase D g (PLD g) (EC 3.1.4.4) 3 13
S8d. Phospholipase D d (PLD d) (EC 3.1.4.4) 1 26
S8e. Phospholipase D z (PLD z) (EC 3.1.4.4) 2 10
S9. Phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) 1 2
S10. Secretory Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (EC 3.1.1.4) 4 2
S11. Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 2 0
S12. Lysophospholipase (LysoPLA) (EC 3.1.1.5) 9 28
S13. Galactolipase (EC 3.1.1.26) see S14 and S26
S14. DAD1-like Acylhydrolase 12 54
S15a. Cytosolic Lipoxygenase (EC  1.13.11.12 ) 2 24
S15b. Plastidial Lipoxygenase (EC  1.13.11.12 ) 4 177
S16. Allene Oxide Synthase (AOS) (EC 4.2.1.92) 1 8
S17. Allene Oxide Cyclase (EC 5.3.99.6) 4 16
S18. Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Reductase (OPR) (EC 1.3.1.42) 5 41
S19. Hydroperoxide Lyase (HPL) 1 5
S20. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase  2 5
S21. N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine Synthase no candidate
S22a. a-Dioxygenase-Peroxidase (involved in fatty acid a-oxidation) 2 30
S22b. NAD+ Oxidoreductase (involved in fatty acid a-oxidation) 1 28
S23a. PTEN-like Phosphoinositide 3-Phosphatase 3 5
S23b. Myotubularin-like Phosphoinositide 3-Phosphatase 2 3
S24a. Type II Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatase 4 11
S24b. Sac domain-containing Phosphoinositide Phosphatase 9 26
S25. Phosphoinositide 4-Phosphatase no candidate
S26. Patatin-like Acyl-Hydrolase 12 44
S27. Sulfolipase see S26
S28. Peroxygenase no candidate
S29. Hydroperoxide Reductase no candidate
S30. Epoxy Alcohol Synthase no candidate
S31. Diacylglycerol-Pyrophosphate Phosphatase 1 0
S32. Diacylglycerol-Phosphate Kinase no candidate
S33. Long Chain Base / Ceramide Kinase 2 10
S34. Long Chain Base 1-Phosphate Phosphatase 1 0
S35. Long Chain Base 1-Phosphate Lyase (EC 4.1.2.27) 1 4
S36. Lysophosphatidate Phosphatase no candidate
S37. Jasmonic Acid Carboxyl Methyltransferase 1 6
X4. Phospholipase A2 Activating Protein 1 7
Fatty Acid Elongation and Wax and Cutin Metabolism W1. Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase (KCS) 20 183
W2. Ketoacyl-CoA Reductase  2 47
W3. Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrase (EC 4.2.1.17) no candidate
W4. Enoyl-CoA Reductase (EC 1.3.1.44) 1 31
W5. Alcohol-forming Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase (EC 1.1.1.*) 8 8
W6. Wax Synthase (EC 2.3.1.75) 12 0
W7. Aldehyde Decarbonylase (EC 4.1.99.5) 5 36
W8. CER2 Protein 3 28
W9. CER3 Protein  1 7
W10. Wax Ester Hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.50) no candidate
W11. Fatty Acid w-Hydroxylase 8 51
W12. Aldehyde-forming Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase no candidate
W13. Secondary Alcohol-forming Hydroxylase no candidate
W14. Ketone-forming Oxidase no candidate
X5. ELO-like Elongase 4 10
X9. Bifunctional Wax Ester Synthase / Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 11 13
Miscellaneous Z1a. Lipid Transfer Protein type 1 (LTP1) 14 362
Z1b. Lipid Transfer Protein type 2 (LTP2) 8 28
Z1c. Lipid Transfer Protein type 3 (LTP3) 14 17
Z1d. Lipid Transfer Protein type 4 (LTP4) 2 9
Z1e. Lipid Transfer Protein type 5 (LTP5) 29 94
Z1f. Lipid Transfer Protein type 6 (LTP6) 2 2
Z1g. Lipid Transfer Protein type 7 (LTP7) 1 3
Z1h. Lipid Transfer Protein type 8 (LTP8) 1 0
Z2. Acyl-CoA Desaturase-like (EC 1.14.99.*) 8 48
Z3a. ATP Citrate Lyase A subunit (EC 4.1.3.8) 3 66
Z3b. ATP Citrate Lyase B subunit (EC 4.1.3.8) 2 28
Z4. Pollen-surface Oleosin 8 53
Z5. Acyl-CoA Thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.2, EC 3.1.2.18-20) 4 7
Z6. Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.9) 1 3
Z7. Translocase 12 28
Z8. Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP) 5 32
Z9. Sec14-like Protein 2 18
Z10. Plastid Lipid-associated Protein 3 24
Z11a. Plastidial Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) 1 9
Z11b. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase (other than plastidial or peroxisomal) 6 53
Z12. Plastidial ABC Acyl Transporter 1 1
Z13. Epoxide Hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) 6 46
Z14. Acetyl-CoA Synthetase (AMP forming) (EC 6.2.1.1) 3 15
Z15. Cytosolic Holo-ACP Synthase  (EC 2.7.8.7) 1 1
Z16. Cytosolic Homomeric Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 8
Z17. Sphingosine Transfer Protein 2 9
Z18. Protein N-Myristoyltransferase 2 13
Z19. Lipid Acylhydrolase-like (EC 3.1.1.*) 21 25
X6. Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase (EC 2.1.1.79) 3 6
X7. PPT1-like Thioesterase (EC 3.1.1.22, EC 3.1.2.*) 7 44
X8. Glycerophosphoryl Diester Phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.46) 2 6
  X10. Phospholipid : Acyl acceptor Acyltransferase 3 21
Total: 620 3795
See list sorted by type of cellular activity and alphabetically
Back to Home Page Last updated March 15 2004